Research article
Polarization and orientation of retinal ganglion cells in vivo
-
* Corresponding author: William A Harris harris@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
1 Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
2 Sección Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
3 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Neural Development 2006, 1:2 doi:10.1186/1749-8104-1-2
Published: 13 October 2006Additional files
A Quick Time video file showing ath5:gfp-positive RGCs differentiating in vitro. a and b are two GFP-expressing cells that undergo the initial stages of differentiation in culture. Fluorescence is shown only at the beginning and the end of the movie. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 1.7MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing RGC differentiation in vivo in an embryo injected with ath5:gap-gfp plasmid DNA, to obtain a mosaic expression. Two differentiating RGCs are marked as 1 and 2. The arrowheads point to the tips of the apical process and of the elongating axon. The asterisk marks the differentiation of the dendrites in cell 2. Stage at start is 32 hpf. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 2MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing the effect of Slit1b morpholino injection on RGC differentiation. The embryo is transgenic for Ath5:Gap-GFP. The arrow points to the cell body of an RGC that forms an axon marked with the arrowhead. Stage at start is 48 hpf. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 1.4MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing localization of Par3-GFP fusion protein in a zebrafish embryo retina during RGC differentiation. The arrowheads mark two different Par3-GFP granules seen to move from the apical border of the neuroepithelium. Stage at start is 32 hpf. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 1.3MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing RGC differentiation in an embryo double-labeled with Par3-GFP (mRNA, ubiquitous expression) and Ath5:Gap-RFP (DNA, mosaic expression). Blue arrowhead: tip of the retracting apical process of a differentiating RGC. Pink arrowhead: tip of the elongating axon from the same cell. Stage at start is 32 hpf. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 1.4MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing RGC differentiation in an embryo double-labeled with GFP-zcentrin (mRNA, ubiquitous expression) and Ath5:Gap-RFP (DNA, mosaic expression). Several RGCs are seen to start retracting their apical processes, most of them clearly showing a centrin-GFP-labeled centrosome at their tips. Stage at start is 32 hpf. Time is in minutes.
Format: MOV Size: 2.5MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing ectopic axon growth in a nok mutant/ath5:gap-gfp transgenic embryo. Ventral view of the retina and optic nerve, taken from a 4D movie, composed of thick stacks, that was rotated through 90°. Stage at start is 48 hpf. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 1.7MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing retraction of an ectopic RGC's basally directed process in a nok mutant/ath5:gap-gfp transgenic embryo. The RGC marked with an arrow is differentiating close to the apical surface of a nok mutant retina. The arrowheads show a retracting process, directed basally, and the tip of a neurite extending on the apical surface, from the same cell. Stage at start is 48 hpf. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 999KB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing failure to differentiate of apical cells expressing Ath5:Gap-GFP in a has mutant retina. The cell pointed with an arrowhead at the start of the movie will divide ectopically to give rise to two daughter cells (a1 and a2). Cell a2 will eventually form an axon at the retinal basal surface, but cell a1 will move towards the apical surface, where it will divide again. Both a1's daughter cells (a1' and a1") will remain in this apical position, increasing GFP expression (an indicator of RGC fate), but none of them will form an axon during the recording time. A similar example is shown as cell b (dividing as b1 and b2). Stage at start is 32 hpf. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 3.3MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing failure to grow long neurites of a nok apical cell in a wild-type environment. The cell marked with an arrowhead derives from a nok mutant/ath5:gap-gfp transgenic embryo whose blastomeres were transplanted into a wild-type host (unlabeled). At time point 16 minutes 49 seconds, a double-labeled rotating three-dimensional reconstruction is shown, in which, in addition to the GFP, the red signal from dextran-rhodamine present in all transplanted cells is shown. This reconstruction shows how the marked cell is located on the retinal apical surface, and that it is not in contact with mutant transplanted RPE cells (which would be labeled red). The cell grows only a short neurite that turns back to the cell body and does not extend further during the recording. Stage at start is 32 hpf. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 3MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more
A Quick Time video file showing that in nok morphants, RGCs can differentiate ectopically but fail to direct the axons towards the optic nerve exit. An apical RGC (arrow) is shown to have extended a very long neurite (arrowhead) on the apical retinal surface but, instead of being directed towards the back of the eye (where it would meet the optic nerve), it is directed in an opposite direction, towards the retinal periphery. Stage at start is 48 hpf. Time is shown in hours:minutes:seconds.
Format: MOV Size: 1.9MB Download file
Playing the movie within this page requires QuickTime and JavaScript. Read more