Polarity and intracellular compartmentalization of Drosophila neurons

Melissa M Rolls¹^,2 , Daisuke Satoh³ , Peter J Clyne⁴ , Astra L Henner¹ , Tadashi Uemura⁵ and Chris Q Doe¹

¹Institutes of Neuroscience and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA

²Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State, University Park, USA

³Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

⁴Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, USA

⁵Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

author email corresponding author email

Neural Development 2007, 2:7doi:10.1186/1749-8104-2-7


Published:	30 April 2007

Abstract

Background

Proper neuronal function depends on forming three primary subcellular compartments: axons, dendrites, and soma. Each compartment has a specialized function (the axon to send information, dendrites to receive information, and the soma is where most cellular components are produced). In mammalian neurons, each primary compartment has distinctive molecular and morphological features, as well as smaller domains, such as the axon initial segment, that have more specialized functions. How neuronal subcellular compartments are established and maintained is not well understood. Genetic studies in Drosophila have provided insight into other areas of neurobiology, but it is not known whether flies are a good system in which to study neuronal polarity as a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila neuronal subcellular organization has not been performed.

Results

Here we use new and previously characterized markers to examine Drosophila neuronal compartments. We find that: axons and dendrites can accumulate different microtubule-binding proteins; protein synthesis machinery is concentrated in the cell body; pre- and post-synaptic sites localize to distinct regions of the neuron; and specializations similar to the initial segment are present. In addition, we track EB1-GFP dynamics and determine microtubules in axons and dendrites have opposite polarity.

Conclusion

We conclude that Drosophila will be a powerful system to study the establishment and maintenance of neuronal compartments.